Tupac :: essays research papers

Shakur and Wallace are known as two of the greatest rap artists of all time. Both of these men were murdered in the past 6 years. After the death of Shakur, there was a lot of controversy about who had killed him and if he was really dead or not. He was killed in 1996 so the talk had stopped for many years until last month. Before I get into the new findings, I’ll give you some background information. Wallace and Shakur were once good friends and then became enemies. Both men would rap mean, nasty stuff about each other and Shakur even claimed to have slept with Wallace’s wife, Faith Evans. Wallace was an East coast rapper and best friends with Sean "P. Diddy" Combs. They were both affiliated with Bad Boy Entertainment, which had close ties to the Crips gang. Tupac came to be associated with the West Coast rappers and Death Row Records. Death Row was owned by Marion "Suge" Knight, a former NFL player and a guy who was always up to no good. Suge Knight and Tupac were both members of the â€Å"Bloods† gang. This gang happened to be archrivals of the Crips. One night in Las Vegas in 1996, Tupac was in town for a Mike Tyson fight. After the fight, he and his friends beat up a Crip by the name of Orlando Anderson in a hotel lobby. Anderson had recently taken part in assault up one of Tupac's bodyguards. After the beating Anderson and his Crip friends quickly planned to get revenge on Shakur. This is where everything began to get interesting. In a new report from the L.A. Times, it says that the Notorious BIG himself was in Las Vegas at the time and was most involved in Tupac's death. The report also says that the murder weapon was supplied Christopher Wallace who agreed to pay the Crips $1 million to kill Shakur. In the article it says, "he didn't just want Shakur dead. He wanted the satisfaction of knowing the fatal bullet came from his gun." This gun was a .40-caliber Glock pistol that Biggie reportedly handed over to the Crips in a Vegas hotel room. The day after the article ran, Wallace’s family said that he was not even in Las Vegas at the time. Another report also said that a friend claims that he and Biggie were in Teaneck, N.

Bias in Historical Description Essay

The article reviewed was Behan McCullagh’s Bias in Historical Description, Interpretation, and Explanation in which he gave a brief but thorough outlook on the manner to which historical accounts are peppered with biased analysis and his opinion on how historians would be able to diminish, if not fully obliterate, from the nature of recounting past events. Why History is Biased McCullagh started of his piece by constructing four reasons as to why he thought that historical writings are mainly biased. His first reason was that he believed historians misinterpreted evidences without properly asserting the truth about its justification. His second reason was that information may already have been omitted by historians in compiling such past accounts that cater to make their views balanced. The third reason was that he deems general description of any historical information may include certain facts that are possibly false due to the uncertainty of most available sources. Lastly, his fourth reason was in reference to causal explanations, concisely described in the article as events that substantially modify the likelihood of the event, which are usually focused on a few important causes that renders a misleading point of view in the reader’s comprehension of the process of events (McCullagh, 2000). McCullagh voiced out that historians who often make mistakes in incorporating biases in their interpretations are typically motivated rather than accidental. He also noted difference between personal and cultural biases, delineating that the latter is far more difficult to be rectified than the other as it is ingrained, yet maintaining that historians must still try to do away with personal bias. He then goes on to further illustrate the concept of bias in historical accounts (McCullagh, 2000). The concept of Bias in Historical Accounts: McCullagh elucidated on the point that historians choose subjects which are of interests to them, inevitably providing a more partial basis to their interpretation of historical information. Consequently, historians are said to be products of their environment or culture, which will naturally hold general notions about the past. Thus, written accounts by historians are subjected to the availability of information gathered and on the decisions made through constant debates on what gets included and what should be disregarded. Such process is said to most likely offer misleading descriptions of historical accounts that have a particular cause (McCullagh, 2000). However, McCullagh has held that preconceived notions about a historical subject that are not biased could be observed in occurrences that involves transformation within a country’s economy as well as social structures. Biases are only attached when selective causes are highlighted while others of equal importance are disregarded (McCullagh, 2000). The perception of biases in constructing history should be avoided as according to McCullagh it provides a deceptive account of the historical subject which may cause misunderstandings and unnecessary negative consequences in conflict-driven situations. McCullagh presented three reasons as to why there are some who think that there is no way to evade the prospect of bias in historical accounts. First was that the interests of historians are automatically considered in determining the historical importance of a subject, the information extracted and the word preferences to use. The second was that preconceptions of historians and their contemporaries have biased point of views and the third one is the reiterated thought that historians have ingrained cultural beliefs and principles (McCullagh, 2000). Overcoming Personal Bias: McCullagh presented his opinion on how historians could be able to avoid injecting biases in interpreting historical data. He stated that historians should be committed to standards of rational thinking that would bring about a justified description of the past. One way to impose this is through peer reviews so as to motivate historians to follow certain acceptable guidelines in rational inquiry. The role of the historian is an important factor in maintaining social responsibility and creating a fair account of historical events (McCullagh, 2000). He denotes that multiplicity in perspectives is another way to produce rational historical inquiry as it presents different views of witnesses which melds relevant information into one account (McCullagh, 2000). McCullagh also pondered upon the notion that for people to prevail over biases, historians must accept that historiography is limited within itself and that the end of the discipline should also be considered in interpreting the past in a postmodern view (McCullagh, 2000). Reference: McCullagh, C. B. 2000. â€Å"Bias in Historical Description, Interpretation, and Explanation. † History & Theory 39(1): 39 – 66.

Why Is Not Student Loan Forgiveness - 1161 Words

Student loan forgiveness remains such a vital topic to many individuals because the exorbitant costs of post-secondary education require a majority of students to take on debt in order to simply improve themselves and advance intellectually. Thousands of students are graduating college every year, each with several thousands of dollars in debt. This area is important to research because it will provide insight into the futures of all college students immersed in the deep debt that appears to consistently accompany a quality education. Finances are important to many college students, especially when it is hard to receive scholarships to cover schooling expenses. When going through college, students stress about the amount of debt that they acquire throughout their post-secondary schooling and learning about the potential to have these debts forgiven is monumental. In order to be able to afford the future, it is important to understand the amount of loan debt and the possibility for debt forgiveness to be able to proceed through life. This essay seeks to address the question of whether or not student loan forgiveness is currently adequate for assisting graduates in need of financial assistance. The subject of student loan forgiveness tends to warrant strong opinions from many about whether or not they should occur. In many circumstances, student loans should be forgiven, or at least partially forgiven, and the process to do so should be heavily revised in order to make thisShow MoreRelatedStudent Debt Is Tough And Federal Loan865 Words   |  4 PagesThe qualifications for the program are tough and federal loan forgiveness only applies to federal Direct Loans, not private student loans. If the graduate is lucky enough to land a public service job the graduate must realize that there is no guarantee that the employment will still be around in t en years since no one truly knows how the program will work or if it will work at all. Val Meyers, associate director for the Office of Financial Aid at Michigan State University comments are recorded inRead MoreIs Forgiving Student Loan Debt A Good Idea?972 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Is Forgiving Student Loan Debt a Good Idea Many people would love to have their student loans debt forgive but do not believe it will happen. So Kayla Webley decided to write an article about student loan forgiveness, at the time Webley wrote the article she was the education correspondent for Time magazine. Now she is currently a staff writer for the same magazine. In her article, she claims that the student loan dilemma that is facing a lot of Americans is a problem for your countryRead MoreForgiving Student Loan Debt Essay examples822 Words   |  4 Pagesamount of student loan debt have an effect on the economy? If so would forgiving student loan debt help lower the national debt or would it just increase it? According to Mary Claire Fischer, a writer for Kiplinger’s Personal Finance magazine, â€Å"two-thirds of students who receive bachelor’s degrees leave college with debt in tow† (Fischer). Among these students, the average amount owed is twenty-six thousand dollars (Fischer). There is a six month grace period after graduation to allow the student timeRead MoreEssay on Student Loan Debt Should be Forgiven1256 Words   |  6 PagesDoes the amount of student loan debt have an effect on the economy? If so would forgiving student loan debt help lower the national debt or would it just increase it? According to Mary Claire Fischer, a writer for Kiplinger’s Personal Finance magazine, â€Å"two-thirds of students who receive bachelor’s degrees leave college with an average debt of twenty-six thousand dollars† (Fischer). This means that the average student debt has doubled since 2007 (Ross 24). The total student loan debt is $1.2 trillionRead MoreTypes Of Financial Aid : Grants, Loans, And Work Study Jobs Essay986 Words   |  4 PagesThree types of financial aid are grants, loans, and work-study jobs. Grants are often called â€Å"gift aid† because they are free money—financial aid that doesn’t have to be repaid. Grants are often ne ed-based, while scholarships are usually merit-based.Grants and scholarships can come from the federal government, your state government, your college or career school, or a private or nonprofit organization. Do your research, apply for any grants or scholarships you might be eligible for, and be sure toRead MoreEssay On Student Loans768 Words   |  4 PagesEducation in recent times has embraced a new system regarding student loans, bringing on board a customer-friendly policy. According to this new scheme, students will now have access to loans with easier and less complex repayment terms. This development will help them fast-track the repayment of their debts without hassles. The Department of Education also integrated an income-based repayment plan: a flexible approach geared at facilitating student finance in their most dire hour of need. Sadly, despiteRead MoreStudent Loan Loans Should Not Be Forgiven938 Words   |  4 Pages Should student loan borrowers be forgiven for their debt? The cumulative total of student loan borrowing has already reached $1 trillion dollars already make up more than half of what Barack Obama is pushing to cap the amount any borrower must pay back and forgive outstanding debt after 20 years, even so calling to forgive some or all of the debt that is escalating. Robert Applebaum, the Author behind the Student Loan Forgiveness Act, believes that student loan should be forgiven to highlight anRead MoreStudent Loan Is The Most Powerful Weapon1302 Words   |  6 Pagespowerful, conventional weapons break down, fail, and can be taken while knowledge cannot be. Sadly student loan debts are increasing at an alarming rate. The days of working all summer or part-time throughout the school year in order to pay tuition are long gone and private student loans are the only viable answer for many students aspiring for a professional career. I believe that student loan forgiveness is an issue of the utmost importance in regards to making education more accessible and affordableRead MoreStudent Loans : The Good, The Bad, And The Ugly899 Words   |  4 Pages Running Head: STUDENT LOANS: THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND THE UGLY. Brown-Gorham 1 Student Loans: The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly Da-Mosi Brown-Gorham English 101-23 Western Carolina University Running Head: STUDENT LOANS: THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND THE UGLY. Brown-Gorham 2 Most people are aware that federal student loans are a type of financial aid that must be repaid to the federal government, unlike grants or scholarships. Federal student loans are administered by the United States Government by way ofRead MoreStudent Loan Is A Terrible Idea1308 Words   |  6 PagesStudent loan forgiveness is a terrible idea. Sure, in an idealistic world it would be great if the country could forgive all student loan debt and thus bring relief to all students across the nation. Realistic? Not necessarily! Instead of the fairytale notion of student loan forgiveness being the answer to all the problems, America would fair better in taking the initiative in making reforms to the educational loan system that are a bit more realistic. Student loans are a massive predicament in the

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 1611 Words

A Journey To Change Throughout time people have encountered dilemmas that result in change in society. Perhaps change is something that is mistaken as an unwanted struggle for development, but in fact, people overlook their own fear of uncertainty in what benefits change can bring. Countless times in American history change has been forced upon the people rather than embraced with open arms. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain illustrates Huck Finn’s struggle to alter his values and go against what he’s been raised to believe in society throughout his life: African Americans are inferior to whites. In the novel, Twain teams up Huck with a runaway slave, Jim, who is a key character to helping Huck change how he views other†¦show more content†¦By which Huck was raised, he sees Jim as a black slave who can’t think for himself and has a very small range of emotions. In one particular part of the book when Huck and Jim are stuck together on the raft, Jim starts talking enthusiastically about gaining his freedom and traveling back up the river to â€Å"steal† his family back. While Huck listens to Jim’s excitement, but yet knows is clearly against the law, he immediately slips back into the deep rooted racial mindset that surrounded him in his early childhood: â€Å"Saying he would steal his children—children that belonged to a man I didn’t know; a man that hadn’t ever done me no harm† (95). At this point, all Huck identifies in Jim, is his criminal behavior wanting to steal â€Å"properties† from an innocent white man who hasn’t done anything wrong to deserve it. One of the key places in the novel where Huck demonstrates what he’s been taught by society about African Americans is when he tries to explain that there are people from other countries that speak a different language other than English. Huck and Jim go back and forth arguing over why French people d on’t just speak English in the first place and how if they don’t speak like Huck and Jim, then they don’t speak like a man. Eventually Huck gave up on trying to clarify that there are other languages other than English, â€Å"I see it warn’t no use wasting words—you cant learn a n**** to argue† (86). Huck implies that Jim is too dumb to understand

Changing Ones Leadership Style Essay example - 537 Words

It is amazing the different variations in leadership style that can determine or almost pre-determine one’s outcome to any situation. I have never considered why a boss or leader may act the way he or she does based on this criteria. I have only ever thought about it in terms of personality clashes. The fact that you can label these traits and understand what type of decisions will be made from this kind of assessment is both good and bad. Consequently, it is great if you say and do all the right things consistently; however it is enlightening if you don’t. Fortunately one can change behaviors or ideas that have been pre-determined to be wrong to create a more positive outcome. There are several area’s in my life that I am trying†¦show more content†¦Life is full of trials and tribulations every day. How we learn to stay consistent with our demeanor, or our moods, and how we speak to people as well as how we look at them will set the tone for our mission and how we can accomplish our goals.It is amazing the different variations in leadership style that can determine or almost pre-determine one’s outcome to any situation. I have never considered why a boss or leader may act the way he or she does based on this criteria. I have only ever thought about it in terms of personality clashes. The fact that you can label these traits and understand what type of decisions will be made from this kind of assessment is both good and bad. Consequently, it is great if you say and do all the right things consistently; however it is enlightening if you don’t. Fortunately one can change behaviors or ideas that have been pre-determined to be wrong to create a more positive outcome. There are several area’s in my life that I am trying to change, this is extremely hard because it is certainly easier to learn something new, rather than un-learn something. Happily, I am glad to read that great leaders are not born the y are made. Of course there are probably a few exceptions to this rule for some such as: Gandhi, Martin Luther King, or the Dali Lama, however I am sure they couldn’t have always got it right all the timeShow MoreRelatedLeadership Theory And Philosophy Of Leadership Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesThe belief of leadership is constantly changing, with many theories and frameworks available. Today’s organizations face ever-increasing change, which includes increased patient demands and work needs, which requires a more adaptive flexible leadership that is becoming increasingly important in the 21st century. Leadership theory and philosophy can be divided into several well-known styles. Within this paper, we will discuss the basis of autocratic, democratic, laissez faire, servant, charismaticRead MoreThe Impact Of Emotional Intelligence On Leadership999 Words   |  4 PagesThe Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Leadership and Leadership development in the non-profit se ctor. Gone are the days of intelligence relating only to academia and the testing of the intelligence quotient (IQ). The 21st century brought about the introduction of â€Å"emotional intelligence† as an added skill set in a leader’s tool kit. Essentially, the ability be aware and manage one’s own emotions, the others emotions, and effectively applying that information to guide ones thinking and actionsRead MoreLeadership As A Effective Leader1299 Words   |  6 Pagesare continually changing which means leaders must adapt to keep up with them. For example, technology has advanced to the point where telecommuting is more commonplace. Additionally, organizations and employees are more diverse both domestically and worldwide. These changes are forcing leaders to become more adaptable in their leadership abilities. Organizations are continually looking for effective leaders which are not easy to find. There are plenty of people to fill leadership positions, howeverRead MoreThe Leadership : Theory And Practice772 Words   |  4 Pages Wk8AssgnJLayman: The Leadership Archetype Approach Questionnaire Walden University Ph.D. Public Policy and Administration â€Æ' Introduction This is an introduction to the Leadership Archetype Questionnaire (Kets de Vries, 2006b), introduced in Chapter 12 of the textbook â€Å"Leadership: Theory and Practice† by Peter Northouse (Northouse, 2016). The Leadership Archetype Questionnaire gauges a leader’s perception of his/her style of leadership by identifying the key leadership behaviors they displayRead MorePersonal Leadership And Philosophy Style1574 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal Leadership and Philosophy Style Four years ago I wrote my first â€Å"Personal Philosophy of Leadership† paper. The personal leadership style I identified with, at that time, was the democratic style. I had chosen this style of leadership because of the teamwork, constructive criticism, motivation, good communication, dedication, and good attitude attributes of the democratic style. Four years later, being present time, I have learned and experienced a great deal more about leadership styles. IRead MoreDealing With Performers and Non-Performers and Performance Management720 Words   |  3 Pagesperformers and non-performers and performance management Two contradictory theories exist regarding how persons are likely to perform in groups or teams. According to the theory of social loafing, it is far easier to conceal ones laziness in a group setting than in a setting where ones individual output is being measured. A good example of this is in a game of tug-o-war. When two people are engaged in the match, it is obvious who is the stronger person will be based upon the visible winner, so both peopleRead MoreLeadership Styles From The Canadian Military Journal ( Cmj ) Essay1074 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Leadership is defined by Peter G. Northouse as â€Å"a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal†. One’s leadership style can shape a subordinate’s approach and place emphasis to the task or mission at hand as well as accomplishing long term objectives. The role of any leader is to provide direction and guidance to those who may fall under his/her command. The manner in which leadership is applied, especially in today’s society and ever-changing geopoliticalRead MoreThe Role Of Women s Leadership Program1684 Words   |  7 Pagesfeedback to learn from one’s mistakes. Ibarra, Ely, and Kolb (2013) also stated, â€Å"when they are grounded in candid assessments of the cultural, organizational, and individual factors shaping them, women can construct coherent narratives about who they are and who they want to become† (p. 5). By creating a safe setting that involves a coaching relationship, women ’s leadership program, a support group of peers, these women can interpret these messages and begin developing their leadership identity that bestRead MoreTransformational Leadership918 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Answer 1 Transformational Leadership revolves around democratic management style where a leader initiates motivational strategies that have immense implications on the performance and behaviours of the subordinates. A transformational leader is a proactive, risk taking person who has the ability to inspire his or her subordinates to take up challenges and move forward thus increasing their productive efficiency. Thus, a transformational leader emerges as a role model for his subordinates by practicallyRead MoreLeadership Roles Of A Successful Organization1445 Words   |  6 Pages(2007), through out the years leadership and management roles have changed in so many directions due to changing of organizational needs. According to Gary Yukl (2005) for more than two decades there have been debates about the difference between leading, managing and the relative importance of the two roles for a successful organization. In any organization a manager tend to manage and supervises tasks, while a le ader inspires and motivates others. The terms leadership and management vary in definition

Penn Foster English Essay Free Essays

I. Introduction 1. Albert Einstein said, â€Å"Learning is not a product of schooling but the lifelong attempt to acquire it. We will write a custom essay sample on Penn Foster English Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now † 2. Penn Foster is one route that helps motivated independent learners acquire the knowledge and certification they need. 3. Students’ lives may change due to the decision to further their education. 4. I plan to use the following method balance work, family, and Penn Foster. II. Step 1: Figure Out What Really Matters in Life 1. Spending introspective time thinking about my life is the first step to achieving a balanced life. 2. I use an exercise for figuring out what matters most,† Laura Berman Fortgang (a personal coach) tells WebMD. She has her clients take a couple days off from work to contemplate the following series of questions: 1. If my life could focus on one thing and one thing only, what would that be? 2. If I could add a second thing, what would that be? † and so on. (WebMD) 3. After the list is compiled, then the plan is to departmentalize my life. 4. When I’m at home with the family, I will focus and concern myself with them. 5. Howeve r, when I’m working on Penn Foster, I will only be thinking about learning and completing assignments. . This will help me to spend quality time in the areas that are most important. III. Step 2: Figure Out â€Å"Musts† vs â€Å"Shoulds† 1. The next step will be to figure out the difference between â€Å"Musts† vs â€Å"Shoulds. † 2. â€Å"We always manage to find time for those things that we decide we must do and its the things we think we should do that get left by the way side. † (Caroline) 3. To do this, I need to take my list from Step 1 and decide which activities on the list must I do. 4. Then, I need to take activities that I would like to do and put them in the should category. 5. While I do this, I need to be careful not to put too many commitments into the must column. 6. The reason is to not overwhelm myself and over commit my time. 7. Some of my musts will be family, work, and Penn Foster. 8. Right now, everything else in my life I consider a â€Å"should† until school is finished. IV. Step 3: Take Daily â€Å"Time-Outs† 1. The last step to ensure that I can balance my life is to take daily â€Å"time-outs. † 2. â€Å"Take a nap, a walk, or a mini-meditation break with a few minutes of silence. Maintain daily rituals, such as teatime, meditation, prayer, exercise. †(Womensnet) 3. By doing this, I can adapt myself to my new hectic schedule. 4. I will be able to maintain my energy throughout the day. 5. Keeping daily â€Å"time-outs† will ensure that I keep my sanity and they will give me something to look forward to throughout the day. V. Conclusion 1. Maintaining a balance between work, life, and Penn Foster can be accomplished using these three steps. 2. The first step is to figure out what really matters in life. 3. Then, I will create a must and should list. 4. After that, I will ensure I take â€Å"time-outs† to give myself a routine to look forward to during my day. . By doing these three steps, I can balance it all. Works Cited â€Å"Easy Steps to Work-Life Balance | Grants For Women in Business | Loans and Credit for Women Business Owners | Grants For Small Business. † Grants For Women in Business | Loans and Credit for Women Business Owners | Grants For Small Business. 24 Mar. 2009 . discover, you may. â€Å"5 Tips for Better Wor k-Life Balance. † WebMD – Better information. Better health.. 24 Mar. 2009 . way, the, and I wouldn. â€Å"How to Find the Right Work-Life Balance: 6 Steps | Caroline Middlebrook. † Caroline Middlebrook. 24 Mar. 2009 . How to cite Penn Foster English Essay, Essays

Strength and Weakness of the Antenna-Free-Samples for Student

Questions: 1.Different antenna, such as yagi, horn, and celluar antennas, etc. has different merits. Research these technologies in details and pay specific attention to how they are used as well their strengths and weakness. 2.Compare and contrast the multiplexing techniques CDMA and FDMA in the area of wireless networking? Answers: 1.Different types of Antennas are: Horn Antennas A horn antenna is also called microwave horn antenna. It is used in many applications for microwaves where level of reasonable directives is needed. There are different types of horn antennas available including conical horn, pyramid horn antenna and the corrugated horn antenna. The antenna is used in the reception and transmission of RF microwave signal and it is usually used in conjunction with waveguide feeds (Mizoguchi et al ., 2016). A horn antenna is a form of antenna that consist mainly flared waveguide which is in the shape of a horn. It has that effect that enables a transition between the free space and the wave guide and it also directs wave in a beam. Strengths The following are the strength of the antenna. Impedance matching is good. Greater directivity. Standing waves are avoided. Small minor lobes are formed Narrow beam width (Ekti et al., 2016) Weakness The following are the weakness of the antenna. Flare angle and length of the flare should not be very small Designing of the flare angle, decides the directivity. Yagi Uda Antenna The yagi uda antenna is the most commonly used antenna for TV reception over the last few decades. This type of antenna is the easiest to use and popular antenna with a good performance. This type of antenna is famous for its directivity and high gain. The frequency range in which the antenna works is around 30 MHz to 3GHz which belong to the UHF and VHF bands ok frequency. Strengths The following are the strength of the antenna. High directives is achieved Easy of handling and maintenance Less amount of power is needed. Broader coverage of frequency High gain is achieved. Weakness The following are the weakness of the antenna. This type of antenna is prone to atmospheric effects.This type of antenna is prone to noise. Helical Antenna Helical antenna is an example of wire antenna as it forms the shape of a helix. The operation frequency of the helical antenna is around 30 MHz to 3 GHz. This antenna works in the UHF and VHF ranges. It is one of the simplest antennas which provide polarized waves circularly (Wong et al.,2017). This type of antenna is usually used in extra terrestrial communication which involves satellite relays etc Strengths The following are the strength of the antenna. Simple design Wider bandwidth Highest directivity Can be used at HF and VHF bands also. Circular polarization can be achieved (Skinner, 2016). Weakness The following are the weakness of the antenna. The antenna size is large so it requires more space. Efficiency decreases with the number of turns. Future prospective The helical antenna would be a dominant player in the near future because of its mode of operation. There are two modes of operation Normal or perpendicular mode of radiation In this mode of radiation, the radiation field of the helix is normal. The radiated waves are polarized circularly. This is obtained if the dimension of the helix is small when compared to wavelength. Axial or beam mode of operation In this mode of radiation, the field of radiation is in the end- fire direction along the helical axis and the wave is circular or circularly polarized. The radiation is broad and the directional along the beam axis producing minor lobes at oblique angles (Skinner, 2016). 2.Compare and contrast the multiplexing techniques CDMA and FDMA Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is a method access normally used for 3G radio communication and some other technology. The technicality of CDMA technology has given significant advantages over other parallel technologies which are in term of spectrum efficiency and overall performance (Rogers, Richard Noortje, 2016). Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) is one of the most common analog multiple access methods .the bandwidth is divided into channel of equal bandwidth as a result of which each conversation is carried on a different frequency In code division multiple accesses each user is assigned a different pseudorandom binary sequence that modulates the carrier, with respect to the waveform it is spreading across the spectrum and gives each user a unique code pattern. With frequency division multiple access different signals are assigned to the frequency channel. A frequency is a channel. Frequency is mainly a basic technology in the analog advanced mobile phone system (AMPS) (Rogers, Richard Noortje, 2016). In FDMA each channel can be assigned to only one user at each time. FDMA can also be used in Total access Communication system. The broad difference between CDMA and FDMA are as follows: CDMA (code division multiple access) Every narrow signal is multiplied by wideband spreading signal usually known as codeword. Only the desired codeword is detected by the receiver rest appear as a noise. Every user has a different pseudo-code which is orthogonal to others Same frequency is used by every user and simultaneous transmission occurs It is mandatory for the receiver to know about the transmitters codeword FDMA (Frequency Division multiple access) Bandwidth of channel is relatively narrow which is known as narrow band system Tight filtering is needed in order to minimize interference Little or no equalization for spreading symbol is needed. Bandwidth of the channel is not in use. Analog links are suitable for FDMA (Etzkowitz, 2016). References Mizoguchi, F., Yamauchi, T., Ishihara, Y., Ishikawa, K. (2016). U.S. Patent Application No. 15/387,044. Ekti, A. R., Shakir, M. Z., Serpedin, E., Qaraqe, K. A., Imran, M. A. (2016). On the Traffic Offloading in Wi-Fi Supported Heterogeneous Wireless Networks. Journal of Signal Processing Systems, 83(2), 225-240. Wong, V. W., Schober, R., Ng, D. W. K., Wang, L. C. (2017). 1 Overview of New Technologies for 5G Systems. Key Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems, 1. Skinner, B. F. (2016). The technology of teaching. BF Skinner Foundation. Etzkowitz, H. (2016). The evolution of technology transfer. Rogers, Richard, and Noortje Marres. "Landscaping climate change: A mapping technique for understanding science and technology debates on the World Wide Web." Public Understanding of Science (2016).